Emerging Zoonoses and One Health Approach (2025)

Zoonoses: Recognition, Control, and Prevention

1995

Emerging Zoonoses: the “One Health Approach”

Safety and Health at Work, 2012

Reemerging zoonoses with "One Health" approach

Journal MVZ Córdoba, 2019

In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined emerging zoonoses as those “newly recognized or newly evolved, or that have occurred previously but show an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical, host or vector range” (1). Approximately 60% of infectious diseases affecting humans are of zoonotic origin (2), and vectors transmit almost 20% of all of them. It emphasizes the connection between human, animal, and environmental health, and the need to study these diseases in their biological, ecological, medical, and economic context to promote and guarantee health globally.

Emerging Zoonoses and their Determinants

Zoonotic diseases represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from infectious disease. Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases of major public health significance and contribute significantly to an already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and immunocompromised individuals. The World Health Organization has defined zoonoses as, " diseases and infections naturally transmitted between nonhuman vertebrate animals and humans " , and emerging zoonotic disease as a "zoonosis that is newly recognized or newly evolved or that has occurred previously but shows an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical, host or vector range". However link between humans and animals with respect to diseases could be framed in many but slightly different ways. Strikingly, 75% of emerging infectious diseases have been identified as zoonotic in origin. Moreover if we could link the emergence of some diseases to animals, for e.g. AIDS then the number would be much higher. These agents have included some that maintain an ongoing reservoir life cycle in animals or arthropods, without the permanent establishment of a new life cycle in humans, as well as some " species jumpers " that derive from an ancient reservoir life cycle in animals but have subsequently established a new life cycle in humans that no longer involves an animal reservoir. Zoonotic diseases require rather different prevention and control strategies than diseases of etiologic agents employing only human-to-human transmission. Determinants discussed above have to be understood and dealt in proper perspective when it comes to the problem of zoonotic diseases. Different section of workers should collaborate their efforts against dreaded diseases, which are affecting mankind and animals and are continuously posing challenges. Multidisciplinary teams of ecologists, mammalogists, ornithologists, and entomologists, as well as physicians, epidemiologists, public health workers and veterinarians should join hands for intensive and sure success

Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories

Lancet, 2012

Public health concern due to emerging and re-emerging zoonoses

Endemic zoonoses: a one health approach

2016

Endemic zoonotic diseases remain a serious but poorly recognised problem in affected communities in developing countries. Despite the overall burden of zoonoses on human and animal health, information about their impacts in endemic settings is lacking and most of these diseases are continuously being neglected. The non-specific clinical presentation of these diseases has been identified as a major challenge in their identification (even with good laboratory diagnosis), and control. The signs and symptoms in animals and humans respectively, are easily confused with other non-zoonotic diseases, leading to widespread misdiagnosis in areas where diagnostic capacity is limited. The communities that are mostly affected by these diseases live in close proximity with their animals which they depend on for livelihood, which further complicates the understanding of the epidemiology of zoonoses. This thesis reviewed the pattern of reporting of zoonotic pathogens that cause febrile illness in m...

Use of a systems approach and evidence-based One Health for zoonoses research

Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2011

Zoonoses 1 Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories

2012

More than 60% of human infectious diseases are caused by pathogens shared with wild or domestic animals. Zoonotic disease organisms include those that are endemic in human populations or enzootic in animal populations with frequent cross-species transmission to people. Some of these diseases have only emerged recently. Together, these organisms are responsible for a substantial burden of disease, with endemic and enzootic zoonoses causing about a billion cases of illness in people and millions of deaths every year. Emerging zoonoses are a growing threat to global health and have caused hundreds of billions of US dollars of economic damage in the past 20 years. We aimed to review how zoonotic diseases result from natural pathogen ecology, and how other circumstances, such as animal production, extraction of natural resources, and antimicrobial application change the dynamics of disease exposure to human beings. In view of present anthropogenic trends, a more effective approach to zoo...

6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses

Zoonoses and Public Health, 2012